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Publications

A heritage of quality research publications spanning over 50 years

The FRMSc team has published extensively in the area of fatigue, fatigue risk management, countermeasures and performance.

Publications by our team include:
Stone BM, Spencer M, Turner C. Work Patterns and Fatigue in Air Taxi (AT) & Emergency Medical service (EMS) Pilots within Europe. Aerospac. Med. & Hum. Perf. 2016: 87 (no3) :308-309.
Vandrevala T, Helman S , Turner T,  Stone BM. Department for Transport Road Safety Research Report No. 116 Medication and Road Safety: A Scoping Study. 2010
Stone BM. Turner C. Promoting Sleep in Shiftworkers and Inter Continental Travellers. Chronobiolody International. 2009. 14(2).
Middleton B. Arendt J. Stone BM. Sleep wakefulness cycles. J Interdis Cycle Researh. 2008. 24(4):272-275
Stone BM, Robertson K, Gundel A. Vejvoda M, Spencer M, Akerstedt T, Cabon R, Mollard R, Folkard S, TS.EASA.2007.OP.08 Final Report Issue 1.0 Final Report “Scientific and Medical Evaluation of Flight Time Limitations Philipp Moebus Project Manager, FTL. 2007
Spencer M, Robertson K . Aircrew fatigue: A review of research undertaken on behalf of the UK Civil Aviation Authority. CAA Paper 2005/04. 
Vandewalle G, Middleton B, Rajaratnam SM, Stone BM, Thorleifsdottir B, Arendt J, Dijk DJ. Robust circadian rhythm in heart rate and its variability: influence of exogenous melatonin and photoperiod. J Sleep Res. 2007 Jun;16(2):148-55.
Stone BM, Robertson K Turner C, Spencer MB. Strategies to improve alertness during extended deployments  Prague Agard, 2005.
Rajaratnam SMW, Middleton B, Stone BM, Arendt J, Dijk D-J. Melatonin advances the circadian timing of EEG sleep and directly facilitates sleep without altering its duration in extended sleep opportunities. J Physiol. 2004;561(Pt 1):339-51
Arendt J, Stone BM, Skene D. Jet lag and sleep disruption. In: Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 4th Edition. Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds). WB Saunders Co Philadelphia, 2004
Nicholson AN, Turner C, Stone BM, Robson PJ Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocammabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol 24(3) :305-13, 2004
Nicholson AN, Hanford ADF, Turner C, Stone BM. Studies on performance and sleepiness with the H1 –antihistamine, desloratidine. Aviat Space Envir Med 74(8): 809-815, 2003
Rajaratnam SM, Dijk DJ, Middleton B, Stone BM, Arendt J. Melatonin phase-shifts human circadian rhythms with no evidence of changes in the duration of endogenous melatonin secretion or the 24-hour production of reproductive hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Sep;88(9):4303-9.
Middleton B, Stone BM, Arendt J. Human Circadian phase I 12:12h, 200: <8 lux and 1000: <8 lux light-dark cycles, without scheduled sleep or activity. Neurosci Lett, 2002 Aug 23; 329(1):41-4.
Rajaratnam, S.M.W., Dijk D-J., Middleton B., Stone B., Arendt J., Rapid and persistent phase advance of human sleep and biological rhythms by melatonin in a 16-h night/8-h day protocol. Sleep, 2002. 25(Suppl):. A188-A189
Stone BM, Turner C, Mills SL, Paty I, Patat A, Darwish  M, Danjou  P. Noise-induced sleep maintenance insomnia. : hypnotic and residual effects of zaleplon. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 53(2) : 196-202, 2002.
Nicholson AN, Roberts DP, Stone BM, Turner C. Antihypertensive therapy in  critical occupations: studies with an angiotensin II antagonist. Aviat Space Environ Med. 72(12) : 1096- 101, 2001
Stone BM, Turner C, Mills SL et al. Hypnotic activity of melatonin. Sleep, 2000, 23: (5) 663-669.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Turner C et al. Antihistamines and aircrew : Usefulness of fexofenadine. Aviat Space Envir Med. 2000 71 :(1) 2-6.
Arendt J, Stone B. Acute and delayed effects of melatonin: operational significance. RTO meeting proceedings 31, Individual difference in the adaptability to irregular rest-work rhythms/status of the use of drugs in sleep-wakefulness management, 9.1-9.6, NATO R&T organisation, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 2000.
Stone BM. Promoting sleep: adapting to shiftwork and time zone change. RTO meeting proceedings 31, Individual difference in the adaptability to irregular rest-work rhythms/status of the use of drugs in sleep-wakefulness management, 5.1-5.11, NATO R&T organisation, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 2000.
Arendt J, Stone BM, Skene D. Jet lag and sleep disruption. In: Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 3rd Edition. Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds). WB Saunders Co Philadelphia, 2000
Arendt J, Middleton B, Stone B et al . Complex effects of melatonin : Evidence for photoperiodic responses in humans sleep, 1999, 22 :(5) 625-635.
Stone BM, Turner C, Mills SL, et al. Studies into the possible central effects of the H-1 receptor agoninst, fexofenadine. Int Arch Allergy Imm, 1999, 118:(2-4) 338.
Stone BM, Turner C. Promoting sleep in shiftworkers and intercontinental travellers. Chronobiology International, 1997;14(2):133-144.
Robertson KA, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Johnson MK. Scheduling the On-board Rest of Aircrew. DERA Report No. DERA/CHS/PP5/CR97095/1.0, 1997.
Middleton B, Arendt J, Stone BM. Complex effects of melatonin on human circadian rhythms in constant dim light. J Biol Rhythms, 1997;12:467-475.
Stone BM, Turner C, Middleton B, Arendt J. Use of melatonin to adapt to phase shifts: effects on sleep architecture. J Sleep Res, 1996;5(Suppl 1):221.
Middleton B, Arendt J, Stone BM Melatonin and fragmented sleep patterns. Lancet, 1996;348:551-552.
Middleton B, Arendt J, Stone BM Human circadian rhythms in constant dim light (<8 lux) with knowledge of clock time. J Sleep Res, 1996;5: 69-76.
Williams JD, Rippon G, Stone BM, Annett J. Psychophysiological correlates of dynamic imagery. Br J Psychol, 1995, 86:283-300.
Pascoe PA, Johnson MK, Robertson KA, Spencer MB. Sleep in Rest Facilities On-board Aircraft: Field Studies. DRA Report No. DRA/CHS/A&N/CR/95/002, March 1995.
Middleton B, Arendt J, Stone BM. Effect of exogenous melatonin on human activity, rest and rectal temperature rhythms and sleep onset times in constant dim light. Sleep Res, 1995;24A:522.
Middleton B, Arendt J, Stone BM. Melatonin,core temperature and activity rhythms in constant dim light. Biol Rhythm Res, 1994, 24(4):272-275.
Pascoe PA, Johnson MK, Montgomery JM, Robertson KA, Spencer MB. Sleep in Rest Facilities On-board Aircraft: Questionnaire Studies. RAF IAM Report No. 778, August 1994.
Stone BM, Spencer MB, Rogers AS, Nicholson AN, Barnes R and Green R. Influence of polar route schedules on the duty and rest patterns of aircrew. Ergonomics, 1993, 36:1465-1477.
Coote JH, Tsang G, Baker A, Stone B. Polycythemia and central apnoea in high altitude residents of the Andes. J. Physiol, 1993,459:74P.
Coote JH, Tsang G, Baker A, Stone B. Respiratory changes and structure of sleep in young high- altitude dwellers in the Andes of Peru. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1993, 66:249-253.
Coote JH, Stone BM, Tsang G. Sleep of Andean high altitude natives. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1992, 64:178-181.
Gundel A, Spencer MB. A Mathematical Model of the Human Circadian System and its Application to Jet Lag. Chronobiol Int 9:148-159; 1992.
Stone BM. Sleep after transmeridian flights: Implications for air operations. Stress and errror in aviation 1991 Ed. E. Farmer Pp107-122 Academic Publishing Group, Aldershot, Hants.
Spencer MB, Stone BM, Rogers AS, Nicholson AN. Circadian rhythmicity and sleep of aircrew during polar schedules. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1991, 62:3-13.
Rogers AS, Stone BM, Spencer MB, Bridges PC. Performance and quality of sleep wearing NBC protective clothing. Aviat Space Environ Med, May 1990, 418-423.
Rogers AS, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Nicholson AN. The influence of a 1h nap on performance overnight. Ergonomics, 1989, Vol 32, 10:1193-1205.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Wright NA, Belyavin A. Daytime sleep latencies: relationships with the electroencephalogram and with performance. J Psychophysiol, 1989, 3:388-395.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Stone BM. The sleep-wakefulness continuum: Interactions with drugs which increase wakefulness and enhance alertness. Alcohol Drugs & Driving, 1989-90, 5-6:287- 301.
Spencer MB, Minors DS, Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Waterhouse JM. Influence of 1 hour naps during an irregular schedule of rest and activity on the circadian rhythms of temperature and performance. J Interdiscip Cycle Res, 1988, 19:211-212.
Nicholson AN, Smith P, Stone BM, Bradwell AR, Coote JH. Altitude insomnia: Studies during an expedition to the Himalayas. Sleep, 1988, 11(4):354-361.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Influence of back angle on the quality of sleep in seats. Ergonomics, 30 (7 ) : 1033-1041, 1987
Spencer MB. The Influence of Irregularity of Rest and Activity on Performance: A Model based on Time since Sleep and Time of Day. Ergonomics 30:1275-1286, 1987
Nicholson AN, Stone BM.Efficacy of zopiclone in middle age. Sleep. 1987;10 Suppl 1:35-9
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Antihistamines: Impaired performance and the tendency to sleep. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1986, 30:27-32.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Stone BM, Roehrs T, Roth T. Sleep after transmeridian flights. The Lancet, November 22, 1986, 1205-1208.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Stone BM. Modulation of catecholamine transmission and sleep in man. Neuropharmacology, 1986, 25:271-274.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA Spencer MB, Stone BM, Roehrs T, Roth T. Sleep after a transmeridian flight: use of a rapidly eliminated hypnotic (brotizolam). Br J clin Pharmac, 1986, 22:225P-226P.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Hypnotics and transient insomnia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Supply. 1986; 332:55-9.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Green RL. Nocturnal sleep and daytime alertness of aircrew after transmeridian flights. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1986, 57(12, Suppl):B43-B52.
Minors DS, Nicholson AN, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Waterhouse JM. Irregularity of Rest and  Activity: Studies on Circadian Rhythmicity in Man. J Physiol 381:279-295,1986.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Histaminergic systems and sleep. Neuropharmacology, 1985, 24:245- 250.
Nicholson AN, Roth T, Stone BM. Hypnotics and Aircrew. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1985, 56:299-303.
Breimer DD, Jochemsen R, Kamphuisen HA, Nicholson AN, Spencer MB, Stone BM. Central effects during the continuous osmotic infusion of a benzodiazepine (triazolam). Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 Jun;19(6):807-15
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Stone BM. Studies on sleep with 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and noradrenergic uptake inhibitors. Br J clin Pharmac, 1985, 19:126P.
Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA, Roehrs T, Roth T, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Zorick F. Sustained Performance with short evening and morning sleeps. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1985, 56:105- 14.
Stone BM. Pencil and paper tests – sensitivity to psychotropic drugs. Br J clin Pharmac, 1984, 18:155-205.
Pascoe PA, Stone BM. Ascorbic acid and performance in man. Psychopharmacology, 1984, 83:376-377.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Jones SJ. Effects of caffeine and a neuropeptide (ACTH4-9) analogue (Org 2766) on overnight performance in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1984, 17:199P-200P.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Borland RG, Spencer MB. Adaptation  to irregularity of rest and activity. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1984, 55(2):102-112.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. The H2-antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine: Studies  on performance. Eur J clin Pharmac, 1984, 26:579-582.
Anderson H, Chambers MMC, Myhre G, Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Sleep of shiftworkers within the Arctic Circle. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1984,55;1026-1030.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Zopiclone: Sleep and performance studies in healthy man. Pharmacology, 1983, 27:92-97S.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Imidazo-benzodiazepines. Sleep and performance in man. J clin Psychopharmac, 1983, 3:72-75.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Circadian Rhythms and disturbed sleep. Its relevance to transport operations. Int J Aviat Safety, 1983, 1:301-309.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. The H1-antagonist mequitazine: Studies on performance and visual function. Eur J clin Pharmacol, 1983, 25:563-566.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Midazolam: Sleep and performance studies in middle age. Br J clin Pharmac, 1983, 16:115S-120S.
Minors DS, Nicholson AN, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Waterhouse JM. Human circadian rhythms and irregularity of sleeping and waking. J Physiol., 1983, 342-33P.
Cochrane LA, Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Variability of response to hypnotics. Sleep studies in man. Pharmac Biochem Behav, 1983, 18:307-310.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Pascoe PA. Efficacy of hypnotics in middle age. J clin Psychopharmac, 1982, 2:118-121.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. 6(3-chloro) phenoxy 2-methyl 1-oxa 4 azospiro[4,5] decame 3-one and sleep of healthy man. Psychopharmacologia, 1982, 76:157-159.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Disturbances of circadian rhythms and sleep. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh, 1982, 82B:135-139.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Sleep and antidepressants: Studies with mianserin hydrochloride and nomifensine. Br J clin Pharmac, 1982, 13:603P.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Hypnotic activity and effects on performance of lormatazepam and camazepam – Analogues of temazepam. Br J clin Pharmac, 1982, 13:433-440.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Performance studies with the H1-histamine receptor antagonists, astemizole and terfenadine. Br J clin Pharmac, 1982, 13:199-202.
Borland RG, Nicholson AN, Spencer MB, Stone BM. Hypnotics with single and multi- compartment model kinetics: Sleep and performance studies in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1982, 13:272-273P.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Sleep problems in shiftworkers. In: Sleep: Normal and Deranged Function. Eds. Kampuissen AAC, Bruyn GW & Visser P. Boerlaave Course State University, Leiden,1981.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Hypnotics and shift work. In: Biological Rhythms, Sleep and Shift Work. Eds. Johnson LC, Tepas DI, Colqhoun WP & Colligan MJ. Advances in Sleep Research, 1981, vol 7.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Stimulants and sleep in man. Agressologie, 1981, 2:73-78.
Canning R, Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Contingent negative variation: Studies with a benzodiazepine. Br J clin Pharmac, 1981, 11:410P-411P.
Stone BM. Sleep and low doses of alcohol. Electroencephalogr clin Neurophysiol, 1980, 48:706- 709.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Pascoe PA. Efficacy of some benzodiazepines for day-time sleep. Br J clin Pharmac, 1980, 10:459-463.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Pascoe PA. Studies on sleep and performance with a triazolo-1,4- thienodiazepine (brotizolam). Br J clin Pharmac, 1980, 10:75-81.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Jones MMC. Wakefulness and reduced rapid eye movement sleep: Studies with prolintane and pemoline. Br J clin Pharmac, 1980, 10:465-472.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. A synthetic ACTH4-9 analogue (Organon 2766) and sleep in healthy man. Neuropharmacology, 1980, 19:1245-1246.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Activity of the hypnotics, flunitrazepam and triazolam, in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1980, 9:187-194.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Heterocyclic amphetamine derivatives and caffeine on sleep in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1980, 2:195-203.
Stone BM. Diazepam and its hydroxylated metabolites, temazepam and oxazepam: Studies on sleep in healthy man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1979, 8:57S-61S.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. L-tryptophan and sleep in healthy man. Electroencephalogr clin Neurophysiol, 1979, 47:539-545.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Diazepam and 3-hydroxydiazepam (temazepam) and sleep of middle age. Br J clin Pharmac, 1979, 7:463-468.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Hypnotic activity of 3-hydroxy, N-desmethyldiazepam (oxazepam). Br J clin Pharmac, 1978, 5:469-472.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Adaptation of Sleep to British Summer Time. J Physiol., 1978, 275:22- 23P.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Clarke CH. Effect of the 1,5 benzodiazepines, clobazam and triflubazam, on sleep in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1977, 4:567-572.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Effect of a metabolite of diazepam, 3-hydroxydiazepam (temazepam), on sleep in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1976, 3:543-550.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Clarke CH. Effect of diazepam and fosazepam (a soluble derivative of diazepam) on sleep in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1976, 3:533-541.
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Clarke CH, Ferres HM. Effect of N-desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam) and a precursor, potassium chlorazepate, on sleep in man. Br J clin Pharmac, 1976, 3:429-438.

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